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VIII C6.4 鋼橋柱 ......................................................................................................108 C6.4.1 充填混凝土補強 ...........................................................................108 C6.4.2 加設構材補強 ...............................................................................109 C6.5 橋台 ..........................................................................................................109 C6.5.1 橋台補強原則 ...............................................................................109 C6.5.2 橋台補強工法 ...............................................................................109 第七章 基礎耐震補強 C7.1 基礎耐震補強原則 .................................................................................. 111 C7.2 基礎系統補強時機 .................................................................................. 112 C7.3 直接基礎及樁帽之補強設計 .................................................................. 112 C7.4 樁基礎之補強設計 .................................................................................. 113 參考文獻 ··················································································· 116 規範附表 ··················································································· 118 規範附圖 ··················································································· 147 解說附表 ··················································································· 151 解說附圖 ··················································································· 154
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VIIIC6.4 鋼橋柱 ......................................................................................................108C6.4.1 充填混凝土補強 ...........................................................................108C6.4.2 加設構材補強 ...............................................................................109C6.5 橋台 ..........................................................................................................109C6.5.1 橋台補強原則 ...............................................................................109C6.5.2 橋台補強工法 ...............................................................................109第七章 基礎耐震補強C7.1 基礎耐震補強原則 .................................................................................. 111C7.2 基礎系統補強時機 .................................................................................. 112C7.3 直接基礎及樁帽之補強設計 .................................................................. 112C7.4 樁基礎之補強設計 .................................................................................. 113參考文獻 ··················································································· 116規範附表 ··················································································· 118規範附圖 ··················································································· 147解說附表 ··················································································· 151解說附圖 ··················································································· 154
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IX 公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範 規範表目錄 表1-1 橋梁類別 ············································································· 118 表1-2 性能狀態A 之譜位移與降伏譜位移（,d AS/,d yS）之比值 ················ 118 表1-3 性能狀態B 及C 之非彈性譜位移與非彈性譜位移容量之比值IIr 及IIIr 118 表1-4 橋墩或基樁單一構材之韌性比IIμ 及IIIμ之容許上限值規定 ·············· 119 表2-1(a) 反應譜等加速度段之工址放大係數aF （線性內插求值） ············· 119 表2-1(b) 反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數vF （線性內插求值） ················ 120 表2-2 震區短週期與一秒週期之等級 地震水平譜加速度係數SS 與1 與等級III 地震水平譜加速度係數SS與1S ··················································· 120 表2-3(a) 臺北市及新北市之臺北盆地微分區劃分表 ································ 131 表2-3(b) 臺北市及新北市屬一般震區之里其震區短週期與一秒週期之等級 地震水平譜加速度係數SS 與1 與等級 地震水平譜加速度係數SS與1S(本表行政區域依照 109 年行政區域制定) ···················································· 139 表2-4 各第一類活動斷層近域調整因子AN 與VN ··································· 141 表2-5 短週期與一秒週期結構之阻尼比修正係數SB 與1B （線性內插求值） 142 表2-6(a) 一般震區及活動斷層近域之水平譜加速度係數 ························· 142 表2-6(b) 臺北盆地之水平譜加速度係數··············································· 142 表3-1 公路橋梁耐震評估檢查表 – 落橋評估 ······································· 143 表3-2 公路橋梁耐震評估檢查表 – 強度韌性評估 ································· 145
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IX公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範規範表目錄表1-1 橋梁類別 ············································································· 118表1-2 性能狀態A 之譜位移與降伏譜位移（
）之比值 ················ 118表1-3 性能狀態B 及C 之非彈性譜位移與非彈性譜位移容量之比值IIr 及
r 118表1-4 橋墩或基樁單一構材之韌性比
表2-1(a) 反應譜等加速度段之工址放大係數aF （線性內插求值） ············· 119表2-1(b) 反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數vF （線性內插求值） ················ 120表2-2 震區短週期與一秒週期之等級II 地震水平譜加速度係數
S 與等級III 地震水平譜加速度係數表2-3(a) 臺北市及新北市之臺北盆地微分區劃分表 ································ 131表2-3(b) 臺北市及新北市屬一般震區之里其震區短週期與一秒週期之等級II 地震水平譜加速度係數IIS 與II1S 與等級III 地震水平譜加速度係數SIII行政區域依照 109 年行政區域制定) ···················································· 139表2-4 各第一類活動斷層近域調整因子
表2-5 短週期與一秒週期結構之阻尼比修正係數SB 與1B （線性內插求值） 142表2-6(a) 一般震區及活動斷層近域之水平譜加速度係數 ························· 142表2-6(b) 臺北盆地之水平譜加速度係數··············································· 142表3-1 公路橋梁耐震評估檢查表 – 落橋評估 ······································· 143表3-2 公路橋梁耐震評估檢查表 – 強度韌性評估 ································· 145
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X 公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範 規範圖目錄 圖1-1 橋梁耐震性能檢核示意圖 ························································ 147 圖2-1 臺北盆地設計地震微分區圖 ····················································· 147 圖5-1 梁端防落長度NL 之定義 ·························································· 148 圖5-2 eL 參考圖性能檢參考圖 ··························································· 149 圖6-1 包覆混凝土進行強度補強示意圖 ··············································· 150 圖6-2 以包覆混凝土補強帽梁與橋柱接頭之剪力強度示意圖 ···················· 150
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X公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範規範圖目錄圖1-1 橋梁耐震性能檢核示意圖 ························································ 147圖2-1 臺北盆地設計地震微分區圖 ····················································· 147圖5-1 梁端防落長度
圖5-2eL 參考圖性能檢參考圖 ··························································· 149圖6-1 包覆混凝土進行強度補強示意圖 ··············································· 150圖6-2 以包覆混凝土補強帽梁與橋柱接頭之剪力強度示意圖 ···················· 150
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XI 公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範 解說表目錄 表C2-1 應考量近斷層效應之活動斷層性質表 ········································ 151 表C4-1 形狀規則橋梁 ······································································ 152 表C4-2 活動支承之摩擦係數 ····························································· 152 表C4-3 各種基礎型式之容許塑性率建議 ·············································· 152 表C4-4 側推分析有效最大地表加速度與結構系統地震力折減係數關係表 ··· 153 表C4-5 側推分析有效最大地表加速度與有效週期及有效阻尼比關係表 ······ 153
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XI公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範解說表目錄表C2-1 應考量近斷層效應之活動斷層性質表 ········································ 151表C4-1 形狀規則橋梁 ······································································ 152表C4-2 活動支承之摩擦係數 ····························································· 152表C4-3 各種基礎型式之容許塑性率建議 ·············································· 152表C4-4 側推分析有效最大地表加速度與結構系統地震力折減係數關係表 ··· 153表C4-5 側推分析有效最大地表加速度與有效週期及有效阻尼比關係表 ······ 153
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XII 公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範 解說圖目錄 圖C2-1 反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數vF 與地盤分類指標S30V之變化關係 · 154 圖C2-2 區短週期設計水平譜加速度係數SS 分布圖································ 155 圖C2-3 震區一秒週期設計水平譜加速度係數1S 分布圖 ·························· 156 圖C2-4 區短週期最大考量水平譜加速度係數SS分布圖 ························· 157 圖C2-5 震區一秒週期最大考量水平譜加速度係數1S分布圖 ···················· 158 圖C2-6 等級 地震工址水平譜加速度係數,a IIS示意圖 ··························· 159 圖C4-1 振動單元、橋墩與墩柱圖示 ···················································· 160 圖C4-2 鋼筋應力-應變關係 ······························································· 161 圖C4-3 Mander 模式混凝土應力-應變曲線 ············································ 161 圖C4-4 圓形橋柱斷面受圍束示意圖 ···················································· 162 圖C4-5 矩形橋柱斷面受圍束示意圖 ···················································· 162 圖C4-6 圓形橋柱斷面圍束力示意圖 ···················································· 163 圖C4-7 矩形橋柱斷面圍束力示意圖 ···················································· 163 圖C4-8 Mander 模式之矩形斷面圍束強度比 ·········································· 163 圖C4-9 彎矩曲率分析法分析流程 ······················································· 164 圖C4-10 混凝土剪力強度-轉角關係圖 ················································· 165 圖C4-11 混凝土柱剪力強度-轉角轉換至彎矩-轉角關係圖 ························ 165 圖C4-12 鋼筋混凝土柱破壞模式之判別 ··············································· 165 圖C4-13 鋼筋混凝土柱剪力破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ································ 166 圖C4-14 鋼筋混凝土柱撓曲-剪力破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ························ 166 圖C4-15 鋼筋混凝土柱撓曲破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ································ 167 圖C4-16 根據軸力-彎矩交互關係圖尋找柱斷面極限軸力 ························· 167 圖C4-17 考慮軸力變化，極限狀態塑鉸定義方式 ··································· 168 圖C4-18 鋼材應力-應變關係 ····························································· 168 圖C4-19 有加勁之鋼板加勁尺寸示意圖 ··············································· 169 圖C4-20 內填充混凝土應力應變關係 ·················································· 169 圖C4-21 無填充混凝土鋼橋墩斷面彎矩曲率關係 ··································· 169 圖C4-22 壓力側鋼板先降伏應變狀態 ·················································· 170 圖C4-23 張力側鋼板降伏應變狀態 ····················································· 170 圖C4-24 壓力側鋼板極限應變狀態 ····················································· 170 圖C4-25 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩斷面彎矩曲率關係 ··································· 171 圖C4-26 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩張力側鋼板降伏應變狀態 ·························· 171 圖C4-27 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩壓力側鋼板極限應變狀態 ·························· 171 圖C4-28 無填充混凝土鋼橋墩塑鉸之訂定 ············································ 172 圖C4-29 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩塑鉸之訂定 ············································ 173
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XII公路橋梁耐震評估與補強設計規範解說圖目錄圖C2-1 反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數vF 與地盤分類指標S30V之變化關係 · 154圖C2-2 區短週期設計水平譜加速度係數
圖C2-3 震區一秒週期設計水平譜加速度係數圖C2-4 區短週期最大考量水平譜加速度係數圖C2-5 震區一秒週期最大考量水平譜加速度係數圖C2-6 等級II 地震工址水平譜加速度係數圖C4-1 振動單元、橋墩與墩柱圖示 ···················································· 160圖C4-2 鋼筋應力-應變關係 ······························································· 161圖C4-3 Mander 模式混凝土應力-應變曲線 ············································ 161圖C4-4 圓形橋柱斷面受圍束示意圖 ···················································· 162圖C4-5 矩形橋柱斷面受圍束示意圖 ···················································· 162圖C4-6 圓形橋柱斷面圍束力示意圖 ···················································· 163圖C4-7 矩形橋柱斷面圍束力示意圖 ···················································· 163圖C4-8 Mander 模式之矩形斷面圍束強度比 ·········································· 163圖C4-9 彎矩曲率分析法分析流程 ······················································· 164圖C4-10 混凝土剪力強度-轉角關係圖 ················································· 165圖C4-11 混凝土柱剪力強度-轉角轉換至彎矩-轉角關係圖 ························ 165圖C4-12 鋼筋混凝土柱破壞模式之判別 ··············································· 165圖C4-13 鋼筋混凝土柱剪力破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ································ 166圖C4-14 鋼筋混凝土柱撓曲-剪力破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ························ 166圖C4-15 鋼筋混凝土柱撓曲破壞模式塑性鉸之訂定 ································ 167圖C4-16 根據軸力-彎矩交互關係圖尋找柱斷面極限軸力 ························· 167圖C4-17 考慮軸力變化，極限狀態塑鉸定義方式 ··································· 168圖C4-18 鋼材應力-應變關係 ····························································· 168圖C4-19 有加勁之鋼板加勁尺寸示意圖 ··············································· 169圖C4-20 內填充混凝土應力應變關係 ·················································· 169圖C4-21 無填充混凝土鋼橋墩斷面彎矩曲率關係 ··································· 169圖C4-22 壓力側鋼板先降伏應變狀態 ·················································· 170圖C4-23 張力側鋼板降伏應變狀態 ····················································· 170圖C4-24 壓力側鋼板極限應變狀態 ····················································· 170圖C4-25 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩斷面彎矩曲率關係 ··································· 171圖C4-26 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩張力側鋼板降伏應變狀態 ·························· 171圖C4-27 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩壓力側鋼板極限應變狀態 ·························· 171圖C4-28 無填充混凝土鋼橋墩塑鉸之訂定 ············································ 172圖C4-29 具填充混凝土鋼橋墩塑鉸之訂定 ············································ 173
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XIII 圖C4-30 固定支承模型示意圖 ··························································· 173 圖C4-31 活動支承分析模型示意圖 ····················································· 174 圖C4-32 橋台與土壤彈簧模擬方式示意圖 ············································ 174 圖C4-33 橋梁系統構件塑性化之各種狀況 ············································ 175 圖C4-34 橋梁基礎系統側推分析時之側推力作用位置 ····························· 176 圖C4-35 以logaS ～log ∆座標之雙線性法求交點 ··································· 176 圖C4-36 以logaS ～log ∆座標之雙線性法決定降伏點 ····························· 177 圖C4-37 雙線性模式之反應塑性率與變位推導示意圖 ····························· 177 圖C4-38 等極限能量與等降伏能量示意圖 ············································ 178 圖C4-39 容量曲線降伏點及雙線性化示意圖 ········································· 179 圖C4-40 性能點示意圖 ···································································· 179 圖C5-1 慣性力分散工法示意圖 ·························································· 180 圖C5-2 隔震補強工法示意圖 ····························································· 180 圖C5-3 減震補強工法示意圖 ····························································· 181 圖C5-4 功能性支承系統補強工法示意圖 ·············································· 181 圖C5-5 加長防落長度方案示意圖 ······················································· 181 圖C5-6 混凝土擴座尺寸大小示意圖 ···················································· 182 圖C5-7 混凝土擴座作用力及承載寬度檢核示意圖 ·································· 182 圖C5-8 鋼製托架受力及尺寸示意圖 ···················································· 182 圖C5-9 止震塊補強實例照片 ····························································· 182 圖C5-10 防震拉桿示意圖 ································································· 183 圖C6-1 矩形柱典型鋼板包覆補強示意圖 ·············································· 183 圖C6-2 包覆橢圓形鋼板之近似幾何形狀 ·············································· 184 圖C6-3 矩形柱包覆鋼板並配置對拉螺桿 ·············································· 185 圖C6-4 包覆橢圓形鋼板進行剪力強度補強示意圖 ·································· 185 圖C6-5 柱搭接鋼筋混凝土之劈裂 ······················································· 186 圖C6-6 搭接鋼筋應力傳遞引起之混凝土拉應力 ····································· 186 圖C6-7 壁式橋墩補強示意圖 ····························································· 187 圖C6-8 帽梁軸壓力對剪力強度之貢獻 ················································· 187 圖C6-9 帽梁與柱接頭地震時之受力情形 ·············································· 188 圖C6-10 鋼橋柱加設構材補強方法示意圖 ············································ 188 圖C7-1 直接基礎補強方案示意圖 ······················································· 189 圖C7-2 增加地梁工法 ······································································ 189 圖C7-3 基腳壓力桿機制示意圖 ·························································· 190 圖C7-4 既有基礎板底筋續接示意圖 ···················································· 190 圖C7-5 增設水平預力鋼棒 ································································ 191 圖C7-6 新、舊混凝土界面植筋示意圖 ················································· 191 圖C7-7 基腳接合部剪力破壞模式 ······················································· 192
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XIII圖C4-30 固定支承模型示意圖 ··························································· 173圖C4-31 活動支承分析模型示意圖 ····················································· 174圖C4-32 橋台與土壤彈簧模擬方式示意圖 ············································ 174圖C4-33 橋梁系統構件塑性化之各種狀況 ············································ 175圖C4-34 橋梁基礎系統側推分析時之側推力作用位置 ····························· 176
S ～log ∆座標之雙線性法求交點 ··································· 176S ～log ∆座標之雙線性法決定降伏點 ····························· 177圖C4-37 雙線性模式之反應塑性率與變位推導示意圖 ····························· 177圖C4-38 等極限能量與等降伏能量示意圖 ············································ 178圖C4-39 容量曲線降伏點及雙線性化示意圖 ········································· 179圖C4-40 性能點示意圖 ···································································· 179圖C5-1 慣性力分散工法示意圖 ·························································· 180圖C5-2 隔震補強工法示意圖 ····························································· 180圖C5-3 減震補強工法示意圖 ····························································· 181圖C5-4 功能性支承系統補強工法示意圖 ·············································· 181圖C5-5 加長防落長度方案示意圖 ······················································· 181圖C5-6 混凝土擴座尺寸大小示意圖 ···················································· 182圖C5-7 混凝土擴座作用力及承載寬度檢核示意圖 ·································· 182圖C5-8 鋼製托架受力及尺寸示意圖 ···················································· 182圖C5-9 止震塊補強實例照片 ····························································· 182圖C5-10 防震拉桿示意圖 ································································· 183圖C6-1 矩形柱典型鋼板包覆補強示意圖 ·············································· 183圖C6-2 包覆橢圓形鋼板之近似幾何形狀 ·············································· 184圖C6-3 矩形柱包覆鋼板並配置對拉螺桿 ·············································· 185圖C6-4 包覆橢圓形鋼板進行剪力強度補強示意圖 ·································· 185圖C6-5 柱搭接鋼筋混凝土之劈裂 ······················································· 186圖C6-6 搭接鋼筋應力傳遞引起之混凝土拉應力 ····································· 186圖C6-7 壁式橋墩補強示意圖 ····························································· 187圖C6-8 帽梁軸壓力對剪力強度之貢獻 ················································· 187圖C6-9 帽梁與柱接頭地震時之受力情形 ·············································· 188圖C6-10 鋼橋柱加設構材補強方法示意圖 ············································ 188圖C7-1 直接基礎補強方案示意圖 ······················································· 189圖C7-2 增加地梁工法 ······································································ 189圖C7-3 基腳壓力桿機制示意圖 ·························································· 190圖C7-4 既有基礎板底筋續接示意圖 ···················································· 190圖C7-5 增設水平預力鋼棒 ································································ 191圖C7-6 新、舊混凝土界面植筋示意圖 ················································· 191圖C7-7 基腳接合部剪力破壞模式 ······················································· 192
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XIV 圖C7-8 接合部設計之壓拉桿模式 ······················································· 192 圖C7-9 增樁補強示意圖 ··································································· 193 圖C7-10 垂直預力鋼棒詳圖 ······························································ 193 圖C7-11 抗液化之地中壁圍束工法 ····················································· 194 圖C7-12 以礫石樁改良橋台下液化土壤 ··············································· 194 圖C7-13 以礫石樁改良橋墩附近之液化土壤 ········································· 195 圖C7-14 橋梁托底換基工法示意圖 ····················································· 195 圖C7-15 先建後拆下構改建工法示意圖 ··············································· 195
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XIV圖C7-8 接合部設計之壓拉桿模式 ······················································· 192圖C7-9 增樁補強示意圖 ··································································· 193圖C7-10 垂直預力鋼棒詳圖 ······························································ 193圖C7-11 抗液化之地中壁圍束工法 ····················································· 194圖C7-12 以礫石樁改良橋台下液化土壤 ··············································· 194圖C7-13 以礫石樁改良橋墩附近之液化土壤 ········································· 195圖C7-14 橋梁托底換基工法示意圖 ····················································· 195圖C7-15 先建後拆下構改建工法示意圖 ··············································· 195