¶ 公路橋梁檢測及補強規範－05公路橋梁檢測及補強規範_目錄（第 1–7 頁）
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I公路橋梁檢測及補強規範目錄第一章 總則 .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 法令依據 ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 適用範圍 ........................................................................................................................... 1第二章 檢測一般規定 .............................................................................................. 2
2.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 檢測類別 ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.3 檢測頻率 ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.4 檢測內容 ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.5 檢測準備作業 ................................................................................................................... 3第三章 定期檢測 ...................................................................................................... 4
3.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 檢測方式 ........................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 劣化評等 ........................................................................................................................... 4
3.4 橋梁結構物劣化程度評等(D) .......................................................................................... 4
3.4.1 混凝土結構物 ........................................................................................................ 4
3.4.2 鋼結構物 ................................................................................................................ 4
3.4.3 支承裝置及防落設施 ............................................................................................ 4
3.4.4 伸縮縫 .................................................................................................................... 4
3.4.5 結構物沉陷 ............................................................................................................ 4
3.4.6 河道變遷、引道路堤與基礎沖刷及橋基保護設施 ............................................ 5
3.4.7 排水設施 ................................................................................................................ 5
3.5 橋梁結構物劣化範圍評等(E) .......................................................................................... 5
3.6 橋梁結構使用性及用路人安全性影響評等(R) .............................................................. 5
3.7 處置急迫性評等(U) .......................................................................................................... 5第四章 特別檢測 ...................................................................................................... 6
4.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 地震後特別檢測 ............................................................................................................... 6
4.3 土石流災後特別檢測 ....................................................................................................... 6
4.4 水災後特別檢測 ............................................................................................................... 6
4.5 火災後特別檢測 ............................................................................................................... 6
4.6 其他重大事故後之特別檢測 ........................................................................................... 6
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II第五章 詳細檢測 ...................................................................................................... 7
5.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 構件局部破壞檢測作業 ................................................................................................... 7
5.2.1 鑽心取樣抗壓試驗法 ............................................................................................ 7
5.2.2 中性化檢測法 ......................................................................................................... 7
5.2.3 氯離子含量檢測法 ................................................................................................ 7
5.2.4 鹼質粒料反應檢測法 ............................................................................................ 7
5.2.5 火害檢測法 ............................................................................................................ 7
5.3 構件非破壞檢測作業 ....................................................................................................... 7
5.4 跨河橋梁所在河道狀況或基礎沖刷之檢測 ................................................................... 8第六章 結構安全評估 .............................................................................................. 9
6.1 一般說明 ........................................................................................................................... 9
6.2 承載能力評估 ................................................................................................................... 9
6.2.1 分析計算評估法 .................................................................................................... 9
6.2.2 載重試驗評估法 .................................................................................................... 9
6.3 耐震能力評估 ................................................................................................................. 10
6.4 耐洪能力評估 ................................................................................................................. 10
6.5 疲勞安全評估 ................................................................................................................. 10第七章 維修與補強 ................................................................................................ 11
7.1 一般說明 ......................................................................................................................... 11
7.2 緊急處置 ......................................................................................................................... 11
7.3 維修與補強原則 ............................................................................................................. 11
7.4 混凝土構件維修 ............................................................................................................. 11
7.5 鋼構件維修 ..................................................................................................................... 11
7.6 鋼構件防蝕系統維修 ..................................................................................................... 11
7.6.1 塗裝劣化維修 ...................................................................................................... 11
7.6.2 熱浸鍍鋅劣化維修 .............................................................................................. 12
7.6.3 金屬鎔射劣化維修 ............................................................................................... 12
7.7 支承維修與置換 ............................................................................................................. 12
7.8 伸縮縫維修與置換 ......................................................................................................... 12
7.9 結構補強 ......................................................................................................................... 12
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III公路橋梁檢測及補強規範解說目錄第一章 總則 .......................................................................................................... C-1C1.1 一般說明 ..................................................................................................................... C-1C1.2 法令依據 .................................................................................................................... C-1C1.3 適用範圍 .................................................................................................................... C-1第二章 檢測一般規定 .......................................................................................... C-3C2.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................... C-3C2.2 檢測類別 .................................................................................................................... C-3C2.3 檢測頻率 .................................................................................................................... C-3C2.4 檢測內容 .................................................................................................................... C-4C2.5 檢測準備作業 ............................................................................................................ C-4第三章 定期檢測 .................................................................................................. C-6C3.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................... C-6C3.2 檢測方式 .................................................................................................................... C-6C3.3 劣化評等 .................................................................................................................... C-6C3.4 橋梁結構物劣化程度評等(D) ................................................................................... C-6C3.4.1 混凝土結構物 ................................................................................................. C-6C3.4.2 鋼結構物 ......................................................................................................... C-8C3.4.3 支承裝置及防落設施 ..................................................................................... C-8C3.4.4 伸縮縫 ............................................................................................................. C-8C3.4.5 結構物沉陷 ..................................................................................................... C-8C3.4.6 河道變遷、引道路堤與基礎沖刷及基礎保護措施 ..................................... C-9C3.4.7 排水設施 ......................................................................................................... C-9C3.5 橋梁結構物劣化範圍評等(E) ................................................................................. C-10C3.6 橋梁結構使用性及用路人安全性影響評等(R) ..................................................... C-10C3.7 處置急迫性評等(U) ................................................................................................. C-10第四章 特別檢測 ................................................................................................ C-12C4.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................. C-12C4.2 地震後特別檢測 ...................................................................................................... C-12C4.3 土石流災後特別檢測 .............................................................................................. C-13C4.4 水災後特別檢測 ...................................................................................................... C-13C4.5 火災後特別檢測 ...................................................................................................... C-13C4.6 其他重大事故後之特別檢測 .................................................................................. C-13
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IV第五章 詳細檢測 ................................................................................................ C-15C5.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................. C-15C5.2 構件局部破壞檢測作業 .......................................................................................... C-15C5.2.1 鑽心取樣抗壓試驗法 ................................................................................... C-16C5.2.2 中性化檢測法 ............................................................................................... C-16C5.2.3 氯離子含量檢測法 ....................................................................................... C-17C5.2.4 鹼質粒料反應檢測法 ................................................................................... C-17C5.2.5 火害檢測法 ................................................................................................... C-17C5.3 構件非破壞檢測作業 .............................................................................................. C-18C5.4 跨河橋梁所在河道狀況或基礎沖刷之檢測 ........................................................... C-21第六章 結構安全評估 ........................................................................................ C-23C6.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................. C-23C6.2 承載能力評估 .......................................................................................................... C-23C6.2.1 分析計算評估法 ........................................................................................... C-24C6.2.2 載重試驗評估法 ........................................................................................... C-24C6.3 耐震能力評估 .......................................................................................................... C-26C6.4 耐洪能力評估 .......................................................................................................... C-26C6.5 疲勞安全評估 .......................................................................................................... C-26第七章 維修與補強 ............................................................................................ C-27C7.1 一般說明 .................................................................................................................. C-27C7.2 緊急處置 .................................................................................................................. C-27C7.3 維修與補強原則 ...................................................................................................... C-27C7.4 混凝土構件維修 ...................................................................................................... C-28C7.5 鋼構件維修 .............................................................................................................. C-30C7.6 鋼構件防蝕系統維修 .............................................................................................. C-31C7.6.1 塗裝劣化維修 ............................................................................................... C-31C7.6.2 熱浸鍍鋅劣化維修 ....................................................................................... C-31C7.6.3 金屬熔射劣化維修 ....................................................................................... C-32C7.7 支承維修與置換 ...................................................................................................... C-32C7.8 伸縮縫維修與置換 .................................................................................................. C-33C7.9 結構補強 .................................................................................................................. C-34
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V解說表目錄表C3.2.1 間接目視檢測對策 .......................................................................................... C-36表C3.3.1 橋梁定期檢測評等準則 .................................................................................. C-37表C3.3.2 主梁劣化評等(RC) ........................................................................................... C-37表C3.3.3 主梁劣化評等(PC) ........................................................................................... C-38表C3.3.4 橫隔梁劣化評等(混凝土) ................................................................................ C-38表C3.3.5 橋台劣化評等 ................................................................................................... C-39表C3.3.6 橋台基礎劣化評等 ........................................................................................... C-39表C3.3.7 翼牆/擋土牆劣化評等 ...................................................................................... C-40表C3.3.8 橋墩/帽梁劣化評等(RC) .................................................................................. C-40表C3.3.9 橋墩/帽梁劣化評等(PC) .................................................................................. C-41表C3.3.10 橋墩基礎劣化評等 ......................................................................................... C-41表C3.3.11 橋面板劣化評等 ............................................................................................. C-42表C3.3.12 引道路堤保護措施劣化評等 ......................................................................... C-42表C3.3.13 引道路堤護欄/橋護欄劣化評等 .................................................................... C-43表C3.3.14 主梁劣化評等(鋼結構) .................................................................................. C-44表C3.3.15 橫隔梁/斜撐劣化評等(鋼結構) ..................................................................... C-45表C3.3.16 橋墩/帽梁劣化評等(鋼結構) ......................................................................... C-46表C3.3.17 支承/支承墊/阻尼裝置劣化評等................................................................... C-47表C3.3.18 防落設施劣化評等 ......................................................................................... C-48表C3.3.19 伸縮縫劣化評等 ............................................................................................. C-49表C3.3.20 引道路堤劣化評等 ......................................................................................... C-50表C3.3.21 河道劣化評等 ................................................................................................. C-50表C3.3.22 橋墩/橋基保護設施劣化評等 ........................................................................ C-51表C3.3.23 橋梁排水設施劣化評等 ................................................................................. C-51表C3.4.1 鋼結構常見之損傷項目 ................................................................................... C-52表C5.1.1 局部破壞與非破壞檢測技術種類及適用之材料 ........................................... C-53表C5.1.2 鋼筋混凝土構件劣化態樣檢測注意事項 ....................................................... C-54表C5.3.1 非破壞檢測之適用性 ....................................................................................... C-55表C6.2.1 靜載重載重因數γD及活載重載重因數γL ...................................................... C-56表C6.2.2 衝擊係數I ........................................................................................................ C-56表C6.2.3 活載重之折減因數 ........................................................................................... C-56表C6.2.4 橋梁載重評估之強度折減因數φ ..................................................................... C-57表C7.5.1 鋼構件維修工法摘要表 ................................................................................... C-58表C7.6.1 塗裝劣化原因及其處理對策 ........................................................................... C-59表C7.6.2 各種塗裝塗料重漆之適合性 ........................................................................... C-60表C7.9.1 上部結構補強工法分類 ................................................................................... C-61表C7.9.2 下部結構補強工法分類 ................................................................................... C-61
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VI表C7.9.3 基礎補強工法分類 ........................................................................................... C-61表C7.9.4 鋼結構橋梁補強工法摘要表 ........................................................................... C-62
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VII解說圖目錄圖C3.3.1 混凝土橋梁結構裂縫示意圖 ........................................................................... C-63圖C3.3.2 混凝土橋梁非結構裂縫示意圖 ....................................................................... C-64圖C3.3.3 混凝土板梁底面裂縫示意圖 ........................................................................... C-65圖C3.3.4 混凝土T 型梁裂縫示意圖 .............................................................................. C-66圖C3.3.5 預力混凝土I 型梁裂縫示意圖 ....................................................................... C-67圖C3.3.6 預力混凝土箱型梁裂縫示意圖 ....................................................................... C-68圖C3.3.7 混凝土預鑄箱型梁裂縫示意圖 ....................................................................... C-69圖C3.3.8 混凝土橋梁主梁外懸鉸接裂縫示意圖 ........................................................... C-70圖C3.3.9 混凝土橋台裂縫示意圖 ................................................................................... C-71圖C3.3.10 混凝土基礎沉陷示意圖 ................................................................................. C-72圖C3.3.11 混凝土基礎裂縫示意圖 ................................................................................. C-73圖C3.3.12 混凝土翼牆/擋土牆裂縫示意圖 .................................................................... C-74圖C3.3.13 混凝土壁式橋墩裂縫示意圖 ......................................................................... C-75圖C3.3.14 混凝土懸臂式單柱橋墩裂縫示意圖 ............................................................. C-76圖C3.3.15 混凝土構架式橋墩裂縫示意圖 ..................................................................... C-77圖C3.3.16 混凝土托架及支承處裂縫示意圖 ................................................................. C-78圖C3.3.17 混凝土橋面板裂縫示意圖 ............................................................................. C-79圖C3.3.18 鋼結構裂縫現象示意圖 ................................................................................. C-80圖C3.3.19 鋼結構變形現象示意圖 ................................................................................. C-80圖C3.3.20 鋼結構螺栓鬆動或脫落現象示意圖 ............................................................. C-81圖C3.3.21 I 型鋼梁主要劣化損傷示意圖 ...................................................................... C-82圖C3.3.22 箱型鋼梁主要劣化損傷示意圖 ..................................................................... C-83圖C3.3.23 鋼床板梁主要劣化損傷示意圖 ..................................................................... C-84圖C3.3.24 鋼橋墩主要劣化損傷示意圖 ......................................................................... C-85圖C3.3.25 支承裝置劣化損傷示意圖 ............................................................................. C-86圖C3.3.26 齒型伸縮縫劣化損傷示意圖 ......................................................................... C-87圖C7.4.1 維修工法分類 ................................................................................................... C-88圖C7.7.1 決定支承維修與置換工法之流程圖 ............................................................... C-89圖C7.9.1 補強工法分類 ................................................................................................... C-90