¶ 公路橋梁設計規範－第一章 總則
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ii本次規範修訂要點如下表：
| 90 年版原章節 | 修訂版章節 | 差異性 |
|---|---|---|
| 第一章 總則 | ‧新增 | |
| 第一章 設計概要 | 第二章 設計概要 | ‧修訂或補充欄杆及橋墩沖刷之 內容 |
| 第二章 載重 | 第三章 載重 | ‧修訂原條文 |
| 第三章 載重之分佈 | 第四章 載重之分佈 | ‧修訂原條文 |
| 第四章 基礎 | 第五章 基礎 | ‧刪除部份原條文並增訂相關內 容 ‧增訂基礎承載力章節及及沉 陷、水平變位規定 |
| 第五章 下部結構、 箱涵及擋土牆 | 第六章 下部結構、 箱涵及擋土牆 | ‧修訂原條文 |
| 第六章 鋼筋混凝土設計 | 第七章 鋼筋混凝土設計 | ‧修訂原條文 ‧增訂空心矩形壓力構材、電焊 及機械續接之疲勞應力規定 |
| 第七章 預力混凝土設計 | 第八章 預力混凝土設計 | ‧修訂原條文 ‧增訂握裹鋼筋容許應力規定 ‧增訂剪扭效應設計參考規定 ‧增訂套管最大內徑參考值 |
| 第八章 鋼結構 | 第九章 鋼結構 | ‧調整「材料」與「容許應力」 內容章節 ‧修訂續接設計 ‧增訂施工性之規定 |
| 第九章 支承 | 第十章 支承 | ‧重新整編 |
| 第十章 橋面防水 | 第十一章 橋面防水 | ‧修訂原條文 |
| 第十二章 海洋環境下防蝕 設計 | ‧新增 |
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iii目 錄公路橋梁設計規範第一章 總則....................................................................................................... 1
1.1適用範圍........................................................................................................1
1.2定義................................................................................................................1
1.3單位................................................................................................................1
1.4設計原則........................................................................................................2
1.5設計與施工之配合........................................................................................2第二章 設計概要............................................................................................... 3
2.1符號................................................................................................................3
2.2橋梁位置........................................................................................................3
2.3橋址河道........................................................................................................4
2.4橋墩之間距、方位與型式............................................................................5
2.5橋墩基礎沖刷................................................................................................5
2.6路面寬度及人行道寬度................................................................................5
2.7淨空................................................................................................................5
2.8緣石及人行道................................................................................................6
2.9欄杆................................................................................................................7
2.10橋面排水......................................................................................................12
2.11超高..............................................................................................................12
2.12橋面..............................................................................................................12
2.13跨越鐵路之橋梁..........................................................................................13
2.14公用設施......................................................................................................13
2.15穿越道之路面寬、緣石及淨空..................................................................13
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iv第三章 載重.....................................................................................................15
3.1符號..............................................................................................................15
3.2載重..............................................................................................................16
3.3靜載重..........................................................................................................17
3.4活載重..........................................................................................................18
3.5超載規定......................................................................................................19
3.6公路載重......................................................................................................19
3.7車道..............................................................................................................23
3.8標準貨車與車道載重..................................................................................24
3.9載重之應用..................................................................................................24
3.10載重之折減..................................................................................................25
3.11鐵路共線之載重..........................................................................................25
3.12人行道、緣石與欄杆之載重......................................................................25
3.13衝擊力..........................................................................................................26
3.14縱向力..........................................................................................................27
3.15風力..............................................................................................................28
3.16溫度變化之力..............................................................................................30
3.17上舉力..........................................................................................................31
3.18流水、漂流物等作用力..............................................................................31
3.19浮力..............................................................................................................32
3.20土壓力..........................................................................................................32
3.21地震力..........................................................................................................33
3.22離心力..........................................................................................................33
3.23載重之組合..................................................................................................33第四章 載重之分佈.........................................................................................37
4.1符號..............................................................................................................37
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4.2輪重在縱梁及橫梁之分佈..........................................................................38
4.3輪重分佈與混凝土板之設計......................................................................45
4.4透過填土之輪重分佈於箱涵......................................................................49
4.5木橋面板之輪重分佈..................................................................................49
4.6鋼格橋面之輪重分佈..................................................................................53
4.7最大彎矩、剪力及反力..............................................................................54
4.8輪胎接觸面積..............................................................................................54第五章 基礎.....................................................................................................55
5.1符號與一般需求..........................................................................................55
5.1.1. 符號..............................................................................................................55
5.1.2 一般需求......................................................................................................55
5.2基礎承載力..................................................................................................55
5.3工址調查......................................................................................................56
5.3.1通則..............................................................................................................56
5.3.2一般要求......................................................................................................56
5.3.3最小調查深度..............................................................................................57
5.3.4最小調查數量..............................................................................................57
5.3.5室內試驗......................................................................................................57
5.3.6液化..............................................................................................................58
5.4淺基礎..........................................................................................................58
5.4.1通則..............................................................................................................58
5.4.2深度..............................................................................................................58
5.4.3錨碇..............................................................................................................58
5.4.4極限與容許承載力......................................................................................58
5.4.5載重與反力..................................................................................................62
5.4.6圓形、正多邊形柱或橋墩之基腳..............................................................62
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5.4.7基腳彎矩......................................................................................................62
5.4.8基腳剪力......................................................................................................63
5.4.9基腳中之鋼筋伸展......................................................................................63
5.4.10 柱底或橋墩底之力傳遞..............................................................................63
5.4.11 純混凝土基腳或墩柱..................................................................................64
5.5基樁之承載力..............................................................................................64
5.5.1. 通則..............................................................................................................64
5.5.2情況A－基樁當作構材之能力..................................................................65
5.5.3情況B－地基承受由基樁傳來載重之能力..............................................66
5.5.4群樁載重......................................................................................................69
5.6打擊樁..........................................................................................................70
5.6.1通則..............................................................................................................70
5.6.2使用年限......................................................................................................70
5.6.3基樁之側向載重..........................................................................................70
5.6.4基樁之抗拉拔力..........................................................................................70
5.6.5間距、淨距與埋設......................................................................................71
5.6.6斜樁..............................................................................................................71
5.6.7基樁穿過路堤填土......................................................................................71
5.6.8浮力..............................................................................................................71
5.6.9預鑄混凝土樁..............................................................................................71
5.6.10 填充混凝土鋼管樁......................................................................................72
5.6.11 H型鋼樁......................................................................................................73
5.6.12 無填充鋼管樁..............................................................................................73
5.6.13 鋼樁及鋼樁管殼之保護..............................................................................74
5.6.14 預力混凝土樁..............................................................................................74
5.7鑽掘樁..........................................................................................................74
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5.7.1通則..............................................................................................................74
5.7.2材料..............................................................................................................75
5.7.3施工..............................................................................................................75
5.7.4樁徑..............................................................................................................75
5.7.5斜樁..............................................................................................................75
5.7.6設計載重......................................................................................................75
5.7.7基樁穿過路堤填土......................................................................................75
5.7.8基樁結構設計及樁徑尺寸..........................................................................75
5.7.9間距、淨距與埋設......................................................................................76
5.8沈箱..............................................................................................................76
5.8.1通則..............................................................................................................76
5.8.2極限承載力與容許承載力..........................................................................77
5.8.3 沈箱負摩擦力.................................................................................................79
5.8.4 沈箱體結構設計.............................................................................................80
5.9沈陷及水平變位..........................................................................................80第六章 下部結構、箱涵及擋土牆.................................................................81
6.1橋台..............................................................................................................81
6.1.1通則..............................................................................................................81
6.1.2溫度鋼筋......................................................................................................81
6.1.3翼牆..............................................................................................................81
6.1.4排水..............................................................................................................82
6.2擋土牆..........................................................................................................82
6.2.1通則..............................................................................................................82
6.2.2底板或基板..................................................................................................82
6.2.3垂直牆..........................................................................................................82
6.2.4內扶牆與外撐牆..........................................................................................83
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6.2.5溫度鋼筋......................................................................................................83
6.2.6伸縮縫及收縮縫..........................................................................................83
6.2.7排水..............................................................................................................83
6.2.8牆體穩定度..................................................................................................83
6.2.9加勁擋土牆..................................................................................................83
6.3橋墩..............................................................................................................84
6.3.1通則..............................................................................................................84
6.3.2墩鼻..............................................................................................................84
6.4箱涵..............................................................................................................84
6.4.1設計載重......................................................................................................84
6.4.2基礎板..........................................................................................................84
6.4.3活載輪重之考量..........................................................................................85
6.4.4分佈鋼筋......................................................................................................85第七章 鋼筋混凝土設計.................................................................................87
7.1一般需求與材料..........................................................................................87
7.1.1應用..............................................................................................................87
7.1.2材料..............................................................................................................93
7.1.3鋼筋之彎鉤與彎曲......................................................................................94
7.1.4鋼筋之間距限制..........................................................................................94
7.1.5鋼筋之混凝土保護層..................................................................................95
7.1.6受撓構材之最少鋼筋量..............................................................................96
7.1.7受撓構材之鋼筋分佈..................................................................................96
7.1.8受撓構材之橫向鋼筋..................................................................................96
7.1.9剪力鋼筋之限制..........................................................................................97
7.1.10 受壓構材之鋼筋限制..................................................................................98
7.1.11 乾縮及溫度鋼筋........................................................................................100
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7.1.12 鋼筋之伸展................................................................................................100
7.1.13 受拉竹節鋼筋及麻面鋼線之伸展............................................................101
7.1.14 受壓竹節鋼筋之伸展................................................................................102
7.1.15 成束鋼筋之伸展........................................................................................103
7.1.16 帶有標準彎鉤受拉鋼筋之伸展................................................................103
7.1.17 機械錨碇....................................................................................................104
7.1.18 組合伸展長度............................................................................................104
7.1.19 受拉銲接鋼線網之伸展............................................................................104
7.1.20 剪力鋼筋之伸展........................................................................................105
7.1.21 鋼筋之續接................................................................................................106
7.1.22 分析方法....................................................................................................109
7.1.23 設計方法....................................................................................................115
7.2容許應力設計法－使用載重設計............................................................115
7.2.1一般需求....................................................................................................115
7.2.2容許應力....................................................................................................115
7.2.3撓曲............................................................................................................116
7.2.4受壓構材....................................................................................................117
7.2.5剪力............................................................................................................117
7.3強度設計法－載重因數設計....................................................................124
7.3.1強度需求....................................................................................................124
7.3.2設計假設....................................................................................................124
7.3.3撓曲............................................................................................................125
7.3.4受壓構材....................................................................................................127
7.3.5受壓構材之細長效應................................................................................129
7.3.6剪力............................................................................................................131
7.3.7混凝土承壓強度........................................................................................138
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7.3.8使用性之需求............................................................................................139
7.3.9疲勞應力之限度........................................................................................139
7.3.10 受撓鋼筋之分佈........................................................................................139
7.3.11 撓度之控制................................................................................................140
7.3.12 上部結構之撓度限制................................................................................141第八章 預力混凝土設計...............................................................................143
8.1一般需求....................................................................................................143
8.2混凝土........................................................................................................147
8.3鋼材............................................................................................................148
8.4分析............................................................................................................148
8.5膨脹與收縮................................................................................................148
8.6跨徑............................................................................................................148
8.7剛性構架及連續結構................................................................................149
8.7.1場鑄後拉法橋梁........................................................................................149
8.7.2簡支預鑄預力梁構成之連續梁橋............................................................149
8.7.3節塊施工之箱型梁....................................................................................149
8.8有效翼寬....................................................................................................150
8.8.1T型梁........................................................................................................150
8.8.2箱型梁........................................................................................................150
8.8.3寬頂板之預鑄預力混凝土梁....................................................................150
8.9箱型梁之翼板及腹板厚............................................................................151
8.9.1頂翼板........................................................................................................151
8.9.2底翼板........................................................................................................151
8.9.3腹板............................................................................................................151
8.10隔梁............................................................................................................151
8.10.1 通則............................................................................................................151
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8.10.2 T型梁........................................................................................................151
8.10.3 箱型梁........................................................................................................151
8.11撓度............................................................................................................152
8.11.1 通則............................................................................................................152
8.11.2 節塊施工箱型梁........................................................................................152
8.11.3 上部結構撓度之限制................................................................................152
8.12預鑄預力橋面底板(Deck Panels).............................................................152
8.12.1 通則............................................................................................................152
8.12.2 彎矩............................................................................................................153
8.12.3 鋼材配置....................................................................................................153
8.13設計............................................................................................................153
8.13.1 設計理論及一般考量................................................................................153
8.13.2 基本假設....................................................................................................153
8.13.3 合成撓曲構材............................................................................................153
8.14載重因數....................................................................................................154
8.15容許應力....................................................................................................154
8.15.1 預力鋼材....................................................................................................154
8.15.2 混凝土........................................................................................................155
8.16預力損失....................................................................................................156
8.16.1 摩擦損失....................................................................................................156
8.16.2 預力損失....................................................................................................157
8.17撓曲強度....................................................................................................159
8.17.1 通則............................................................................................................161
8.17.2 矩形斷面....................................................................................................161
8.17.3 有翼板斷面................................................................................................162
8.17.4 鋼材應力....................................................................................................162
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8.18延展性限制................................................................................................163
8.18.1 最大鋼材量................................................................................................163
8.18.2 最少鋼材量................................................................................................164
8.19非預力鋼材................................................................................................164
8.20剪力............................................................................................................165
8.20.1 通則............................................................................................................165
8.20.2 混凝土提供之剪力強度............................................................................165
8.20.3 梁腹鋼筋提供之剪力強度........................................................................166
8.20.4 水平剪力設計－合成撓曲構材................................................................167
8.21後拉預力法之錨碇區................................................................................168
8.21.1 錨碇區........................................................................................................168
8.21.2 一般區域及局部區域................................................................................168
8.21.3 一般區域之設計........................................................................................168
8.21.4 錨碇區設計壓拉桿模型............................................................................172
8.21.5 彈性應力分析............................................................................................173
8.21.6 近似方法....................................................................................................174
8.21.7 錨碇局部區域之設計................................................................................176
8.22先拉預力之錨碇區....................................................................................177
8.23傳遞應力時之混凝土強度........................................................................178
8.24翼板配筋....................................................................................................178
8.25保護層厚度與鋼筋間距............................................................................178
8.25.1 最小保護層厚度........................................................................................178
8.25.2 最小間距....................................................................................................178
8.25.3 捆束............................................................................................................179
8.25.4 套管之尺寸................................................................................................179
8.26後拉法錨碇器及續接器............................................................................179
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8.27預力鋼絞索之埋置....................................................................................180第九章 鋼結構...............................................................................................181
9.1材料及一般需求........................................................................................181
9.1.1符號............................................................................................................181
9.1.2材料............................................................................................................182
9.1.3重複載重及衝擊韌性之規定....................................................................185
9.1.4跨徑之有效長度........................................................................................193
9.1.5深度比........................................................................................................193
9.1.6構材長度之限制........................................................................................193
9.1.7撓度............................................................................................................194
9.1.8鋼材之最小厚度........................................................................................195
9.1.9受拉角鋼及T 型鋼之有效斷面積...........................................................195
9.1.10 角鋼之突出腳............................................................................................195
9.1.11 膨脹與收縮................................................................................................196
9.1.12 撓曲構材....................................................................................................196
9.1.13 蓋板............................................................................................................196
9.1.14 拱度............................................................................................................197
9.1.15 熱彎軋型梁及銲接板梁............................................................................197
9.1.16 續接............................................................................................................198
9.1.17 接頭強度....................................................................................................209
9.1.18 隔板(DIAPHRAGMS)、橫構架及側向支撐..........................................210
9.1.19 穿式跨徑上主構材之數目........................................................................211
9.1.20 各部位之維修考量....................................................................................211
9.1.21 封閉斷面及袋形部份................................................................................211
9.1.22 銲接............................................................................................................212
9.1.23 聯結物(螺栓).............................................................................................213
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9.1.24 樞接受拉構材............................................................................................217
9.1.25 桿端加粗....................................................................................................218
9.1.26 眼桿............................................................................................................218
9.1.27 叉尾(FORKED ENDS)..............................................................................219
9.1.28 固定及活動支承........................................................................................219
9.1.29 橋面系........................................................................................................220
9.2容許應力設計法........................................................................................222
9.2.1範圍............................................................................................................222
9.2.2容許應力....................................................................................................222
9.2.3軋型梁........................................................................................................233
9.2.4板梁............................................................................................................233
9.2.5桁架............................................................................................................242
9.2.6合應力........................................................................................................249
9.2.7實心肋拱....................................................................................................251
9.2.8排架及塔架(BENTS AND TOWERS).....................................................253
9.2.9合成梁........................................................................................................253
9.2.10 合成箱型梁................................................................................................260
9.2.11 混合梁........................................................................................................267
9.2.12 鋼橋面板之上部結構................................................................................270
9.3強度設計法—載重因數設計....................................................................273
9.3.1範圍............................................................................................................273
9.3.2載重............................................................................................................274
9.3.3設計理論....................................................................................................274
9.3.4假定............................................................................................................274
9.3.5結構鋼材之設計應力................................................................................274
9.3.6最大設計載重............................................................................................274
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9.3.7撓曲構材....................................................................................................275
9.3.8單對稱梁....................................................................................................286
9.3.9合成梁........................................................................................................287
9.3.10 正彎矩斷面................................................................................................287
9.3.11 負彎矩斷面................................................................................................291
9.3.12 合成箱型梁................................................................................................292
9.3.13 剪力連接器................................................................................................294
9.3.14 混合大梁(HYBRID GIRDERS) ...............................................................295
9.3.15 非合成混合大梁........................................................................................295
9.3.16 合成混合大梁............................................................................................297
9.3.17 受壓構材....................................................................................................297
9.3.18 實心肋拱....................................................................................................298
9.3.19 續接、連接及其細節................................................................................299
9.3.20 超載............................................................................................................302
9.3.21 疲勞............................................................................................................305
9.3.22 撓度............................................................................................................306
9.3.23 鋼橋面板之上部結構................................................................................306
9.3.24 施工性........................................................................................................306第十章 支承...................................................................................................309
10.1符號............................................................................................................309
10.2範圍............................................................................................................311
10.3定義............................................................................................................311
10.4支承一般需求............................................................................................312
10.5支承一般設計規定....................................................................................312
10.5.1 載重及位移容量........................................................................................313
10.5.2 特性............................................................................................................313
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10.5.3 支承處因束制位移引致之結構力............................................................314
10.6支承設計特別規定....................................................................................316
10.6.1 金屬搖動及滾動支承................................................................................316
10.6.2 PTFE 滑動面.............................................................................................317
10.6.3 具曲滑動面之支承....................................................................................320
10.6.4 盤式支承....................................................................................................322
10.6.5 鋼板加勁橡膠支承—方法A....................................................................324
10.6.6 橡膠墊及鋼板加勁橡膠支承—方法B....................................................329
10.6.7 青銅或銅合金滑動面................................................................................332
10.6.8 碟式支承....................................................................................................333
10.6.9 導向與限位裝置........................................................................................334
10.6.10 其他支承系統............................................................................................335
10.7載重板及支承之錨碇................................................................................335
10.7.1 分佈載重板................................................................................................335
10.7.2 楔形板(Tapered Plates) .............................................................................336
10.7.3 錨碇............................................................................................................336
10.8防蝕............................................................................................................336第十一章 橋面防水.......................................................................................337
11.1通則............................................................................................................337
11.2防水處理之基本要求................................................................................337
11.3材料............................................................................................................337第十二章 海洋環境下防蝕設計...................................................................339
12.1適用範圍....................................................................................................339
12.2海洋腐蝕環境分區....................................................................................339
12.3防蝕處理....................................................................................................340
12.3.1 混凝土橋....................................................................................................340
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12.3.2 鋼橋............................................................................................................342附錄
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xviii表 目 錄表3.1 作用於上部結構之縱向及橫向風力...........................................................29表3.2 作用於移動活載重上之縱向及橫向風力...................................................29表3.3 γ 與β 係數表................................................................................................35表4.1 內縱梁之輪重分擔係數...............................................................................39表4.2 橫梁之輪重分擔係數...................................................................................42表4.3 K 值...............................................................................................................45表4.4 鋼榫之剪力容量與彎矩容量.......................................................................52表5.1 淺基礎之承載力因數...................................................................................60表5.2 各項影響因素之計算式(Modified from Meyerhof, 1963) .........................61表5.3 圓木樁容許單位應力(正常載重期)............................................................65表5.4 樁基礎設計之安全係數...............................................................................67表5.5 樁基礎之承載力因素
表5.6 樁基礎之承載力因素
表5.7 基樁最大表面摩擦阻力及樁尖極限承載力...............................................69表5.8 無填充鋼管樁之最小壁厚...........................................................................73表5.9 沉箱基礎之承載力因素Nc，Nq，Nγ .....................................................77表5.10 沉箱基礎底面之形狀影響因素 ， .....................................................78表5.11 沈箱容許承載力之安全係數.....................................................................79表5.12 基礎容許水平變位.....................................................................................80表7.1 鋼筋之最小彎曲內直徑...............................................................................94表7.2 鋼筋之最小混凝土保護層...........................................................................95表7.3 應力差幅.....................................................................................................107表7.4 受拉鋼筋搭接規定.....................................................................................108表7.5 有效長度因數k..........................................................................................114表7.6 等深度構材之建議最小深度.....................................................................140
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xix表8.1 摩擦損失相關係數K 與μ值....................................................................157表8.2 預力損失之估計值.....................................................................................161表8.3 套管最大內徑參考值.................................................................................179表9.1 結構鋼材基本條件.....................................................................................184表9.2 樞承、滾承及可搖動支承鋼棒及鍛造鋼材基本條件.............................185表9.3 容許疲勞應力差值.....................................................................................186表9.4 應力分類.....................................................................................................188表9.5 應力反復次數.............................................................................................192表9.6 種溫度區域級別.........................................................................................193表9.7 螺栓孔標稱尺寸.........................................................................................214表9.8 結構鋼材之容許設計應力.........................................................................224表9.9 低碳鋼螺栓之容許應力.............................................................................228表9.10 高強度螺栓容許應力...............................................................................229表9.11 摩阻型接頭之標稱抗滑剪應力...............................................................230表9.12 樞承、滾承及可搖動支承鋼棒及鍛造鋼材之容許設計應力..............231表9.13 鑄鋼品及韌性鑄鐵品之容許應力表.................................................... 232表9.14 彎矩-軸力互制係數.................................................................................250表9.15 結實斷面之限制.......................................................................................277表9.16 有側向支撐非結實斷面之限制...............................................................278表9.17 聯結物之設計強度表...............................................................................301表9.18 摩阻型接合之設計摩阻強度...................................................................305表10.1 支承適用性................................................................................................313表10.2 PTFE 接觸應力限制.................................................................................319表10.3 設計摩擦係數............................................................................................319表10.4 不同硬度之橡膠特性................................................................................325表12.1 混凝土最大水膠比及最低混凝土強度...................................................340
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xx表12.2 位於不同海洋腐蝕區域中鋼筋最小保護層厚度...................................341
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xxi圖 目 錄圖2.1 橋梁淨空(以路線設計規範為準)..................................................................6圖2.2 車道與人行道混合欄杆.............................................................................. 9圖2.3 車道欄杆...................................................................................................... 9圖2.4 人行道欄杆(當車輛已由車道欄杆隔開時用於人行道側)..........................9圖2.5 車道與腳踏車道混合欄杆.............................................................................9圖2.6 腳踏車道欄杆...............................................................................................10圖2.7 穿越道淨空...................................................................................................14圖3.1 標準H(M)貨車.............................................................................................20圖3.2 H(M)及HS(MS)車道載重............................................................................21圖3.3 HS(MS) 標準貨車........................................................................................22圖3.4 台灣地區混凝土箱形梁設計用之正溫度梯度曲線...................................31圖6.1 扶壁式擋土牆...............................................................................................62圖7.1 標準彎鉤之伸展長度 示意圖...................................................................103圖7.2 銲接光面或麻面鋼線網單支肋筋錨碇示意圖.........................................106圖7.3 托架或托梁示意圖.....................................................................................123圖7.4 牆細長比之定義.........................................................................................129圖8.1 年平均相對濕度(單位：%).....................................................................159圖9.1 表9.4 之實例..............................................................................................191圖9.2 續接之細節.................................................................................................208圖9.3 腹板厚度與大梁高度之關係(彎曲應力之函數)......................................238圖9.4 有縱向加勁材之箱型梁受壓翼板.............................................................264圖9.5 橫向加勁材之間距及尺寸(用於縱向及橫向加勁之翼板)......................265圖9.6 α = 0.72 時之折減因數 R.......................................................................269圖9.7 α = 0.5 時之折減因數 R.........................................................................269圖9.8 塑性應力分佈.............................................................................................288
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xxii圖10.1 支承之標準組件.......................................................................................314圖10.2 橡膠支承之載重變形反應.....................................................................326
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xxiii附錄附錄A H15-44(M13.5)載重，彎矩、剪力及反力表.................................... 附錄-1附錄B H20-44(M18)載重，彎矩、剪力及反力表....................................... 附錄-5附錄C H15-44(MS 13.5)載重，彎矩、剪力及反力表................................. 附錄-9附錄D H20-44(MS 18)載重，彎矩、剪力及反力表.................................. 附錄-13附錄E 成列貨車載重及相當載重................................................................ 附錄-17附錄F 軸向載重柱之壓力公式.................................................................... 附錄-18附錄G 柱之有效長度因數K........................................................................ 附錄-19附錄H 木結構................................................................................................ 附錄-22附錄I 橋墩(基)沖刷、檔土牆設計規範、橋面防水及防蝕設計參考資料......
................................................................................................. 附錄-39附錄J 本規範與AASHTO 2002 年(17 版)章節對照表.............................. 附錄-45
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公路橋梁設計規範
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¶ 1 第一章 總則
¶ 1.1 適用範圍
本規範適用於跨徑150公尺以下之一般性鋼筋混凝土結構、預力混凝土結構及鋼結構等新建公路橋梁。特殊性橋梁如吊橋、斜張橋、桁架橋、活動橋或臨時便橋等及跨徑超過150公尺者，除本規範可適用者外，應就其特殊性另作考量。有關耐震設計部份，應依部頒「公路橋梁耐震設計規範」之規定辦理。
公路橋梁設計時，除遵照本規範之規定外，仍應考量其特殊需求，在本規範之基礎下，訂定適合之設計原則，亦得視需要參考國際規範或標準，但須在設計圖說中載明。其他相關設計須符合政府頒訂之相關規範、手冊等之規定。
¶ 1.2 定義
使用載重－使用載重係依本規範規定的各種載重，如靜重、活重、風力、地震力、流水作用力、土壓力以及因溫度、潛變、乾縮及沉陷...等變化引起之效應等。
載重因數－主要考量載重之變異、分析之精度差及不同載重同時發生之機率等之因數。
設計載重－為各項載重因數乘以各項使用載重。
容許應力設計法－以容許應力及使用載重為設計依據之設計法。
強度設計法－以使構材之設計強度足以承受結構分析所得之設計載重組合為設計依據之設計法。
計算強度－構材或接頭依設計圖說規定之尺寸及強度按照本規範規定計算所得之強度。
強度折減因數－主要考量材料性質、結構尺寸及施工品質之變異及預估強度折減之不確定性等之因數，且與經校正程序之載重統計有關。其值小於或等於1.0。
設計強度－為強度折減因數乘以計算強度。
設計圖說－包括設計圖、計算書及施工規範。
¶ 1.3 單位
本規範除使用公制單位外，為配合國際單位之推廣，在公制單位之後附加國際單位(SI
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2Units, International System of Units)，並採陰影塊處理之。設計圖說中應載明所採用的單位。
¶ 1.4 設計原則
1. 本規範之訂定是基於橋梁結構應能承受各種載重，並達成使用性與安全性之目標；
設計時，對於施工、檢測維修、經濟、景觀、生態環保及公路交通安全等相關問題亦宜一併考慮。
2. 橋梁結構設計應可採用本規範規定之容許應力設計法或強度設計法，設計計算書中應載明橋梁結構各部份所採用的設計法。
(1) 容許應力設計法之基本要求如下：
使用載重之組合應力≦規定之容許應力
(2) 強度設計法之基本要求如下：
需要強度≦設計強度，即(載重因數)×(使用載重)組合≦(強度折減因數)×(計算強度)
3. 橋梁結構設計，經橋梁主辦機關同意亦可採用載重及強度因數設計法（簡稱LRFD），並參考美國AASHTO-LRFD橋梁設計規範。
¶ 1.5 設計與施工之配合
橋梁結構於設計時應考量施工可行性及相關施工規範之規定，設計時如有特殊需求應於設計圖說中明確規定。