¶ 公路橋梁耐震設計規範－419_05_公路橋梁耐震設計規範(108_01_14)(pdf)（第 1–20 頁）
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交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部公路橋梁耐震設計規範交通部頒布中華民國107 年12 月
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交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部：
公路橋梁耐震設計規範╱交通部「編」-–二版.
-- 臺北市 ：交通部, 民 107. 12面 ； 公分ISBN 978-986-05-7621-4 (平裝)
1.公路工程 2.橋梁工程 3.技術規範
442.1107020534國家圖書館出版品預行編目(CIP)資料交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部公路橋梁耐震設計規範出版者：交通部編審者：交通部地 址：10052 臺北市仁愛路1 段50 號網 址：http://www.motc.gov.tw/mocwebGIP/wSite/cti?xltem=4932&ctNode=154&mp=1電 話：(02)2349-2072出版年月：中華民國107 年12 月印 刷 者：宏仁影印社地址：台北市大安區新生南路三段70 巷1 號電話：(02)2363-9407版(刷)次冊數：二版一刷130 冊定價：每本新台幣280 元正本書同時刊載於交通部網頁展售處：五南文化廣場：40042 臺中市中山路6 號 電話：(04) 2226-0330國家書店松江門市：10485 臺北市松江路209 號1 樓 電話：(02) 2518-0207GPN：1010702134ISBN：978-986-05-7621-4 (平裝)
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公路橋梁耐震設計規範類：公路類部：公路工程部規範：公路橋梁耐震設計規範複審作業小組：
召集人夏明勝委託召集人宋裕祺複審委員王正中 王炤烈 方文志 朱惕之 張國鎮 張荻薇張嘉峰 陳國隆 陳進發 彭康瑜 曾榮川 黃俊鴻黃震興 葉銘煌 蔡益超 賴順政 簡堯崇(人名依姓氏筆劃為序)
編輯人員 周光武 洪曉慧 許家銓 張儀婷 蘇進國(人名依姓氏筆劃為序)
草案編訂小組：
執行單位台灣世曦工程顧問股份有限公司計畫主持人曾榮川協同主持人林正偉 張英發研究人員吳淑珍 張肇華 張儀婷 蔡欣仰 蕭秋安（人名依姓氏筆劃為序）
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前 言臺灣位於歐亞大陸板塊與菲律賓海板塊交界，由於兩大板塊不斷地相互擠壓，臺灣每年發生地震(含有感與無感地震)的次數平均不下一萬次，島上結構物隨時有遭受地震襲擊的可能。民國88 年9 月21 日台灣地區發生了規模7.3 的南投縣集集大地震，造成中部地區許多橋梁之倒塌與損壞。震後行政院國科會請國家地震工程研究中心成立『九二一大地震勘災及重建委員會』迅速展開調查。其中，橋梁震災調查組所完成橋梁之震害調查報告，依其結構種類、區域分佈、年代等進行比較，目的是要瞭解橋梁破壞的原因，以作為修訂相關法規制度之參考。
有鑒於九二一集集大地震橋梁結構震害情況，交通部於民國89 年4 月公布局部修正規範，對震區劃分與部份橋梁耐震設計規定有所修正與調整。另於民國91 年針對委託臺灣大學完成之『公路橋梁耐震設計規範修訂草案研究』進行複審，於民國92 年3 月完成『公路橋梁耐震設計規範（草案）複審成果報告書』，惟因其內容有諸多疑義尚待釐清，而未頒布施行。為昭慎重，交通部遂於同年3月起由國道新建工程局辦理多次『橋梁耐震設計規範修訂草案先期研究座談會』，針對規範草案提出綜合結論與建議事項。民國98 年6 月頒布之規範係依據前述成果及參酌美、日等國家耐震性能設計之觀點編訂而成。
民國104 年12 月交通部為利部頒規範內容與時俱進，以符合技術發展現況及實務需求，函示各部屬機關針對頒定或編修在5 年以上之部頒規範辦理規範編修作業。因此國道新建工程局經考量專業能力及規範編訂理念之連貫與一致性，函請台灣世曦工程顧問股份有限公司針對現行「公路橋梁耐震設計規範」進行檢討，並依檢討成果增修規範相關規定。該計畫於106 年11 月完成「公路橋梁耐震設計規範檢討編修工作工作成果」，同時提送「公路橋梁耐震設計規範修正草案」予交通部。交通部遂於107 年4 月委託中華民國結構工程學會，邀集對公路橋梁耐震設計工作具專長之學者與專家組成審查委員會，針對該規範修正草案開會審查。複審作業主辦單位除於會前先邀集部分委員進行多次工作會議研閱草案條文外，總計歷經召開六次審查會議，經詳細反覆討論後始克完成。
本次規範之修訂係配合民國99 年縣市合併、五都改制及民國103 年桃園縣
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改制為桃園市，縣市名稱須加以調整。另參考民國102 年「公路橋梁耐震性能設計規範草案」內容及九二ㄧ地震後國內相關研究成果，謹將本次修訂主要項目說明如下：
1、 修正結構系統韌性容量R。壁式橋墩之結構系統韌性容量由2.0 修訂為
2.5；單柱橋墩之結構系統韌性容量由3.0 修訂為4.0；多柱構架式實心斷面橋墩之結構系統韌性容量由4.2 修訂為5.0。
2、 工址放大係數級距改採漸變方式。
3、 依經濟部中央地質調查所於2012 年公告之第一類活動斷層分布與最新台灣地震危害度分析修正水平譜加速度係數。
4、 配合縣市合併修正工址名稱。
5、 將設計目標地震分成三個等級：等級I 地震、等級II 地震和等級III 地震，分別對應九十八年版規範之中度地震、設計地震和最大考量地震。
6、 等級I 地震水平譜加速度係數檢討與修正。
7、 靜力分析法設計總橫力之分布改為等加速度分布。
8、 新增基礎與橋台模擬之內容於解說中。
9、 詳述中空鋼筋混凝土橋柱之韌性要求與韌性容量。
本規範編訂原則敘明如下：
1、 本規範適用於跨度150 公尺以下之一般性新建橋梁。特殊性橋梁如吊橋、斜張橋及活動橋等或臨時便橋及跨度超過150 公尺者，應依橋址地形、土層條件、橋梁之構造特性與規模、以往之震害經驗、橋梁之重要性及橋梁工址之實際情況等因素作適當之考量，本規範如有仍可適用的部分，亦可參考使用。
2、 本規範係據本部於民國98 年頒布之『公路橋梁耐震設計規範及解說』、
美國州公路及運輸官員協會之『公路橋梁設計規範（AASHTO，2002年版）』、社團法人日本道路協會之 『道路橋示方書.V 耐震設計編（2012 年版）』為藍本修訂，並考量九二一地震後國內相關研究成果，針對公路橋梁耐震設計規範加以檢討。
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3、 本規範係依臺灣地區地震危害度分析所得最新之研究成果，並參考活動斷層位置與過去大地震發生之記錄，加以合理討論後決定震區之劃分。
4、 本規範除使用公制單位外，為配合國際單位之推廣，在公制單位之後附加國際單位，並採陰影區塊及括號處理之。
5、 本規範條文採原則性之規定，工程師實際應用時仍需依其學理及工程實務經驗進行設計。
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I目 錄前言公路橋梁耐震設計規範第一章 總則 ········································································· 1
1.1 適用範圍 ·································································· 1
1.2 耐震設計基本要求 ······················································ 1
1.3 振動單元 ·································································· 1
1.4 基面 ········································································ 1
1.5 耐震分析方法 ···························································· 1
1.6 韌性設計 ·································································· 1
1.7 隔震與消能設計 ························································· 2
1.8 符號說明 ·································································· 2第二章 靜力分析方法 ··························································· 9
2.1 通則 ········································································ 9
2.2 工址之地盤分類 ························································· 9
2.3 設計總橫力 ······························································· 9
2.3.1 等級I地震之水平設計地震力 ································· 9
2.3.2 等級II 地震之水平設計地震力 ······························ 12
2.3.3 等級III 地震之水平設計地震力 ····························· 14
2.4 設計總橫力之分布 ····················································· 17
2.5 活動支承傳遞之地震力 ··············································· 17
2.6 垂直地震力 ······························································ 17
2.7 地震效應之組合 ·························································· 18第三章 動力分析方法 ·························································· 19
3.1 通則 ······································································· 19
3.2 譜加速度係數之阻尼比調整係數 ··································· 19
3.3 反應譜分析法 ··························································· 20
3.4 歷時分析法 ······························································ 21
3.4.1 地震歷時 ·························································· 21
3.4.2 線性歷時分析 ···················································· 21
3.4.3 非線性歷時分析················································· 21
3.5 垂直地震效應 ··························································· 22
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II第四章 構材之設計 ···················································· 23
4.1 載重組合 ································································· 23
4.2 橋墩設計剪力 ··························································· 24
4.2.1 單柱橋墩 ·························································· 24
4.2.2 具有雙柱或雙柱以上之構架式橋墩 ························ 24
4.2.3 壁式橋墩 ·························································· 24
4.2.4 多跨剛接連續橋················································· 24
4.3 接合部之設計剪力 ····················································· 25
4.4 基礎之設計力與檢核 ·················································· 25
4.5 支承系統之設計 ························································ 25
4.5.1 支承系統之垂直承載力 ······································· 25
4.5.2 支承系統之水平承載力 ······································· 26
4.5.3 支承系統之抗拉拔承載力 ···································· 26
4.6 P- Δ效應 ································································ 27第五章 鋼筋混凝土構材之韌性設計 ····································· 29
5.1 通則 ······································································· 29
5.2 混凝土與鋼筋之材質要求 ············································ 29
5.3 鋼筋混凝土橋柱之韌性要求 ········································· 29
5.3.1 主筋量規定 ······················································· 29
5.3.2 彎矩強度 ·························································· 29
5.3.3 橋柱剪力強度 ···················································· 30
5.3.4 塑鉸區之橫向圍束鋼筋 ······································· 31
5.3.5 塑鉸區橫向圍束鋼筋之配置 ································· 32
5.3.6 主筋續接 ·························································· 32
5.4 壁式橋墩之韌性要求 ·················································· 33
5.5 橋柱接頭部 ······························································ 33
5.6 橋墩施工縫 ······························································ 33
5.7 基樁 ······································································· 34
5.8 中空鋼筋混凝土橋柱之韌性要求 ··································· 34第六章 鋼橋柱韌性要求 ······················································· 35
6.1 通則 ······································································· 35
6.2 耐震鋼材之材質要求 ·················································· 35
6.3 鋼橋柱細部設計要求 ·················································· 35
6.4 鋼橋柱接頭設計要求 ·················································· 35
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III第七章 隔震與消能設計 ······················································· 37
7.1 通則 ······································································· 37
7.1.1 適用範圍 ·························································· 37
7.1.2 隔震設計基本要求 ············································· 37
7.1.3 其他相關規定 ···················································· 37
7.2 分析方法之選擇 ························································ 37
7.3 靜力分析方法 ··························································· 37
7.3.1 隔震橋梁之水平設計位移 ···································· 38
7.3.2 隔震橋梁之有效週期與等效阻尼比 ························ 38
7.4 相關耐震設計細節 ····················································· 39
7.4.1 橋墩與連結構材之設計地震力 ······························ 39
7.4.2 梁端間隙 ·························································· 39
7.5 動力分析方法 ··························································· 40
7.5.1 反應譜分析法 ···················································· 40
7.5.2 非線性歷時分析················································· 41
7.6 隔震元件之實體試驗與性能試驗 ··································· 41
7.6.1 通則 ································································ 41
7.6.2 實體試驗 ·························································· 42
7.6.3 性能保試驗 ······················································· 42
7.7 消能系統之設計 ·························································· 42第八章 有關耐震其他規定 ··················································· 43
8.1 地震時地盤可能產生不穩定狀態之耐震設計 ····················· 43
8.1.1 極軟弱土層之判定 ············································· 43
8.1.2 砂土層之液化潛能判定 ······································· 43
8.1.3 土壤參數折減 ···················································· 43
8.1.4 基礎耐震設計 ···················································· 43
8.2 地震土壓力 ······························································ 44
8.3 地震動水壓 ······························································ 45
8.4 施工期間地震之考慮 ·················································· 46
8.5 梁端防落長度與防落設施 ············································ 46
8.5.1 活動支承 ·························································· 47
8.5.2 固定支承 ·························································· 47
8.6 梁端間隙 ································································· 48
8.7 伸縮裝置之設計伸縮量 ··············································· 48
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IV公路橋梁耐震設計規範解說第一章 總則 ········································································ 51C1.1 適用範圍 ································································· 51C1.2 耐震設計基本要求 ····················································· 51C1.3 振動單元 ································································· 51C1.4 基面 ······································································· 52C1.5 耐震分析方法 ··························································· 52C1.6 韌性設計 ································································· 53C1.7 隔震與消能設計 ························································ 53第二章 靜力分析方法 ·························································· 55C2.1 通則 ······································································· 55C2.2 工址之地盤分類 ························································ 55C2.3 設計總橫力 ······························································ 57C2.4 設計總橫力之分布 ····················································· 67C2.5 活動支承傳遞之地震力 ·············································· 67C2.6 垂直地震力 ······························································ 69C2.7 地震效應之組合 ························································· 69第三章 動力分析方法 ·························································· 71C3.1 通則 ······································································· 71C3.2 譜加速度係數之阻尼比調整係數 ·································· 72C3.3 反應譜分析法 ··························································· 73C3.4 歷時分析法 ······························································ 75C3.5 垂直地震效應 ··························································· 76第四章 構材之設計 ······························································ 77C4.1 載重組合 ································································· 77C4.2 橋墩設計剪力 ··························································· 77C4.4 基礎之設計力與檢核·················································· 78C4.5 支承系統之設計 ························································ 93C4.6 P- Δ效應 ································································· 94第五章 鋼筋混凝土構材之韌性設計 ····································· 95C5.1 通則 ······································································· 95C5.2 混凝土與鋼筋之材質要求 ··········································· 95C5.3 鋼筋混凝土橋柱之韌性要求 ········································ 96
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VC5.3.1 主筋量規定 ····················································· 96C5.3.2 彎矩強度 ························································ 96C5.3.3 橋柱剪力強度·················································· 96C5.3.4 塑鉸區之橫向圍束鋼筋 ····································· 98C5.3.5 塑鉸區橫向圍束鋼筋之配置 ······························· 99C5.3.6 主筋續接 ······················································ 100C5.4 壁式橋墩之韌性要求················································ 100C5.5 橋柱接頭部 ···························································· 100C5.6 橋墩施工縫 ···························································· 101C5.7 基樁 ····································································· 101C5.8 中空鋼筋混凝土橋柱之韌性要求 ································ 101C5.8.1 中空矩形橋墩················································ 101C5.8.1.1 橫向鋼筋計算剪力強度 ························ 101C5.8.1.2 橫向圍束鋼筋量 ································· 102C5.8.2 中空圓形橋墩················································ 103C5.8.2.1 橫向鋼筋計算剪力強度 ························ 103C5.8.2.2 橫向圍束鋼筋量 ································· 103第六章 鋼橋柱韌性要求 ····················································· 107C6.1 通則 ····································································· 107C6.2 耐震鋼材之材質要求················································ 107C6.3 鋼橋柱細部設計要求················································ 107第七章 隔震與消能設計 ····················································· 109C7.1 通則 ····································································· 109C7.2 分析方法之選擇 ······················································ 109C7.3 靜力分析方法 ························································· 109C7.4 相關耐震設計細節 ··················································· 111C7.4.1 橋墩與連結構材之設計地震力 ·························· 111C7.4.2 梁端間隙 ······················································ 111C7.6 隔震元件之實體試驗與性能試驗 ································ 111C7.6.1 通則 ···························································· 111C7.6.2 實體試驗 ······················································ 112C7.6.2.1 側向位移與垂直載重控制 ····················· 112C7.6.2.2 側向剪應變與垂直壓應力控制 ··············· 113C7.6.2.3 隔震元件特性之決定 ··························· 113C7.6.2.4 試驗結果檢核 ···································· 114
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VIC7.6.3 性能試驗 ······················································ 115C7.6.3.1 側向位移與垂直載重控制 ····················· 115C7.6.3.2 側向剪應變與垂直壓應力條件 ··············· 115C7.6.3.3 試驗結果檢核 ···································· 115第八章 有關耐震其他規定 ················································· 117C8.1 地震時地盤可能產生不穩定狀態之耐震設計 ················· 117C8.1.1 極軟弱土層之判定 ········································· 117C8.1.2 砂土層之液化潛能判定 ··································· 117C8.1.3 土壤參數折減················································ 121C8.1.4 基礎耐震設計················································ 121C8.2 地震土壓力 ···························································· 125C8.3 地震動水壓 ···························································· 125C8.4 施工期間地震之考慮················································ 126C8.5 梁端防落長度與防落設施 ········································· 126C8.6 梁端間隙 ······························································· 127C8.7 伸縮裝置之設計伸縮量 ············································ 128參考文獻 ··················································································· 129規範附表 ··················································································· 131規範附圖 ··················································································· 158解說附表 ··················································································· 162解說附圖 ··················································································· 169
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VII規範表目錄表2-1用途係數I ································································ 131表2-2起始降伏地震放大倍數αy ············································ 131表2-3(a) 反應譜等加速度段之工址放大係數Fa····························· 131表2-3(b) 反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數Fv ································ 132表2-4工址堅實地盤短週期與一秒週期之等級II 地震水平譜加速度
S 與等級III 地震水平譜加速度係數表2-5(a)
臺北市及新北市之臺北盆地微分區劃分表 ······················· 145表2-5(b)
台北市及新北市屬一般工址之里及其工址堅實地盤短週期與一秒週期之等級II 地震水平譜加速度係數
S 與等級 III 地震表2-6結構系統韌性容量R ····································································154
各第一類活動斷層近域調整因子表2-8活動支承之摩擦係數 ·················································· 156表3-1短週期與一秒週期結構之阻尼比修正係數BS 與B1 ············ 156表3-2一般工址及活動斷層近域之等級II 地震水平譜加速度係數
··············································································· 156台北盆地之等級II 地震水平譜加速度係數,a IIS表7-1橋梁構件阻尼比 ························································ 157表7-2調整係數φc ······························································ 157
土壤參數之折減係數
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VIII規範圖目錄圖7-1梁端間隙示意圖 ························································ 158圖8-1地震時之土壓力 ························································ 158圖8-2作用於壁狀結構物之動水壓 ········································· 159圖8-3作用於柱狀結構物之動水壓 ········································· 159
圖8-5eL 參考圖 ································································· 161
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IX解說表目錄表C2-1應考量近斷層效應之活動斷層性質表 ····························· 162表C3-1形狀規則橋梁 ··························································· 163表C4-1直接基礎支承力因素 ·················································· 164表C4-2直接基礎各項影響因素之計算式 ··································· 165表C4-3沉箱基礎支承力因素 ·················································· 166表C4-4沉箱基礎底面之形狀影響因素 ······································ 166
表C4-7沉箱地盤反力係數與地盤反力上限值 ····························· 167
徑向與弧向應力比值
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X解說圖目錄圖C1-1橋梁之振動單元 ························································ 169圖C2-1反應譜等速度段之工址放大係數vF 與地盤分類指標30
V之變化關係········································································ 170圖C2-2橋梁設計地震力、降伏地震力、極限地震力與韌性容量R ·· 170工址堅實地盤短週期等級II 水平譜加速度係數
圖C2-4工址堅實地盤一秒週期等級II 水平譜加速度係數1IIS 分布圖 172工址堅實地盤短週期等級III 水平譜加速度係數S圖C2-6工址堅實地盤一秒週期等級III 水平譜加速度係數1IIIS分布圖·············································································· 174圖C2-7彈性系統與彈塑性系統之位移 (位移相等法則) ················ 175圖C2-8彈性系統與彈塑性系統之位移 (能量相等法則) ················ 175圖C2-9計算結構系統地震力折減係數四個週期範圍 ···················· 175圖C2-10單樁等值樁頭勁度矩陣 ··············································· 176圖C2-11單樁等值樁頭勁度矩陣各元素之分析模型 ······················· 176圖C2-12簡支梁橋軸方向之水平載重 ········································· 177圖C4-1以迭代法求構架式橋墩柱軸力示意圖 ····························· 177圖C4-2整體基樁之降伏彎矩Mfy ·············································· 178圖C4-3長方形基礎之有效接觸面積 ········································· 178圖C4-4圓方形基礎之有效接觸面積 ········································· 179圖C4-5圓形基礎之α與關係圖 ·············································· 179圖C4-6基礎版設計時地盤反力之合力作用位置 ·························· 179圖C4-7直接基礎之分析模式 ·················································· 180圖C4-8 (a) 基樁基礎之分析模式 ·················································· 180圖C4-8 (b) 樁阻抗特性之模擬 ····················································· 180圖C4-9 (a) 沉箱基礎之分析模式 ·················································· 181圖C4-9 (b) 地盤阻抗模式 ··························································· 181
圖C4-11沉箱基礎示意圖 ························································ 182圖C4-12橋台與土壤彈簧模擬方式示意圖 ··································· 183圖C5-1受圍束柱心混凝土受力情形 ········································· 183圖C5-2鋼筋混凝土螺筋柱柱心之圍束壓力 ································ 184圖C5-3(a) 圓柱圍束鋼筋示意圖(一) ············································· 184圖C5-3(b) 圓柱圍束鋼筋示意圖(二) ············································· 184圖C5-4(a)
矩形柱圍束鋼筋示意圖(一) ·········································· 185圖C5-4(b) 矩形柱圍束鋼筋示意圖(二) ·········································· 185圖C5-5中空矩形橋柱斷面之非陰影區及陰影區示意圖 ················· 186
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XI圖C5-6中空圓形橋墩橫向鋼筋配置圖 ······································ 186圖C6-1矩形鋼橋柱角隅破裂 ·················································· 187圖C6-2圓形鋼橋柱挫屈及其發展引致之傾斜及破裂 ···················· 187圖C7-1隔震之基本理念 ························································ 187圖C7-2隔震橋梁示意圖 ························································ 188圖C7-3雙線性遲滯迴圈示意圖 ··············································· 188圖C8-1橋墩之耐震設計用地盤面 ············································ 189圖C8-2橋台之耐震設計用地盤面 ············································ 189圖C8-3土壤參數不為零之中間土層存在時之耐震設計用地盤面 ····· 189圖C8-4(a)
流動化之影響範圍 ····················································· 190圖C8-4(b)
液化層與非液化層交互存在時，流動化之影響範圍 ··········· 190圖C8-4(c)
流動力之計算模式 ····················································· 191
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XII