¶ (已廢止)公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範－公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範（第 1–20 頁）
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交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範
交通部頒布中華民國九十七年十二月
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交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範交通部頒布中華民國九十七年十二月
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國家圖書館出版品預行編目資料交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部:公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範 / 交通部編審. -- 初版.-- 臺北市： 交通部, 民97.12面 ; 公分參考書目:面ISBN 978-986-01-6714-6(平裝)
1. 橋梁工程 2. 公路工程 3. 道路養護
441.88 97024081交通技術標準規範公路類公路工程部公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範出版者：交通部編審者：交通部地 址：10052 台北市仁愛路1 段50 號網 址：
http://www.motc.gov.tw/mocwebGIP/wSite/ct?xltem=4932&ctNode=158&mp=1電 話：(02)2349-2072出版日期：中華民國97 年12 月印刷者：宏信數位輸出影印電 話：2735-3140地 址：10667 臺北市大安區復興南路2 段373 號1 樓版(刷)次：初版一刷120 冊本書同時刊載於交通部網頁定 價：每本新台幣260 元展售處：五南文化廣場40042 臺中市中山路6 號 電話：(04)22260330國家書店松江門市10485 臺北市中山區松江路209 號1 樓電話：(02)2518-0207GPN：1009703663 ISBN：978-986-01-6714-6 (平裝)
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公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範類：公路類部：公路工程部規範：公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範審查小組：
召集人鄭賜榮委託召集人張國鎮審查委員方文志 王亭復 王炤烈 王仲宇 吳瑞龍 宋裕祺陳志修 張荻薇 黃震興 黃照陽 黃世建 葉清鎮葉銘煌 廖慶隆 蔡東憲 蔡益超 劉達中 戴 忠（人名依姓氏筆劃為序）
編輯人員 洪曉慧 黃聖源 劉光晏修訂草案編訂小組：
計劃主持人張荻薇協同主持人王炤烈研究人員林曜滄 洪曉慧 陳光輝張志斌張英發 曾榮川 湯維郁 楊世仲
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前 言台灣因位居颱風及地震頻繁地帶，橋梁常遭受地震、洪水、土石流等災害之威脅；且台灣四面環海，氣候高溫潮溼，再加上嚴重之交通負荷，使得橋梁劣化或損害情況日趨嚴重。近年來隨著鋼結構橋梁數目增加，鋼橋劣化現象之檢測與維修補強需求亦日益殷切。因此，基於橋梁最小生命週期成本之概念，對既有鋼結構橋梁進行定期檢測及適當維修補強，已成為現今橋梁管理之重要工作。目前橋梁維護管理工作，國內相關單位雖有其各自發展之橋梁檢測評估手冊、維修養護手冊、維修材料規範及使用手冊等，然所要求的檢測重點、檢測方法及表格並未統一，對於評估及補強亦尚無一致性之參考使用規範。為使工程人員在從事現場檢測及維修補強工作時，有較為客觀之標準可資依循，訂定一套鋼結構橋梁檢測、評估、維修及補強規範有其迫切必要性。
有鑑於此，交通部台灣區國道高速公路局乃於民國92 年3 月委託財團法人中華顧問工程司，辦理「公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範草案」之研究工作，並於民國94 年2 月完成本規範草案條文。為使本規範內容能符合實需，交通部再委託中華民國結構工程學會，邀集對公路鋼結構橋梁檢測與評估補強工作具專長之學者與專家，組成審查委員會進行複審作業。複審作業期間，主辦單位除於會前先邀集部分委員進行多次工作會議研閱草案條文外，總計歷經召開九次審查會議，經詳細反覆討論後始克完成。
本規範編訂原則敘明如下：
1、 本規範適用於公路一般性鋼結構橋梁之檢測、評估與維修補強作業。其他特殊性橋梁如斜張橋、π 型橋、鋼拱橋、活動橋與臨時便橋等及跨度超過150 公尺者，因其結構行為較為複雜或重要性不同，除依本規範所列之原則與重點進行檢測、評估與維修補強外，另需考慮其特性，採取適當之方法。
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2、 本規範之檢測部分係以交通部頒布「公路養護手冊」、台灣省政府住宅及都市發展局「混凝土、鋼橋一般檢測手冊」、「混凝土、鋼橋特殊檢測概要手冊」與交通部台灣區國道高速公路局「公路橋梁一般目視檢測手冊」為藍本，並配合現行橋梁管理系統訂定之。
3、 本規範之結構安全評估部分主要參考台灣省政府住宅及都市發展局「混凝土、鋼橋特殊檢測概要手冊」與美國州公路及運輸官員協會(AASHTO)
所頒布之相關手冊與準則，再配合國內現況訂定之。
4、 本規範之維修與補強部分主要參考交通部高速鐵路工程局「鐵路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強原則」、日本道路協會「道路橋補修便覽」與道路公團「維持修繕要領」，以及美日其他相關報告與手冊，再配合國內現況訂定之。
5、 本規範之檢測評估作業係以交通部台灣區國道高速公路局「公路橋梁一般目視檢測手冊」的D.E.R.U.系統為基本架構，判定標準則採台灣省政府住宅及都市發展局「混凝土、鋼橋一般檢測手冊」的A.B.C.D.系統，以使現場檢測人員可具體明確了解所應檢查的項目與重點，同時對於檢測項目可做較標準化及一致性的規定，避免遺漏部分檢查項目或流於主觀意識。
6、 本規範條文採原則性規定，各橋梁管理單位可依實際需求及人力，酌予調整。至於橋梁檢測、評估與維修補強作業之實際執行細節及步驟，則列於解說中，使工程人員有所依循，並可依現場實際情況進行工程專業判斷。
7、 本規範之橋梁檢測以目視為主，惟部分橋梁之損傷並不容易由目視檢測察覺，其檢測結果無法判定橋梁之整體安全性。故經本規範目視檢測結果判定為安全之橋梁，仍需依檢測人員之專業判斷，決定是否需再進一步進行詳細之檢測與評估。
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目 錄公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範第一章 通則································································································1
1.1 適用範圍·······················································································1
1.2 人員資格·······················································································1
1.3 橋梁紀錄·······················································································1第二章 檢測一般規定··············································································2
2.1 一般說明·······················································································2
2.2 檢測種類·······················································································2
2.3 檢測頻率·······················································································2
2.4 檢測評估作業···············································································2
2.4.1 檢測項目·············································································2
2.4.2 檢測評等·············································································2
2.5 檢測準備作業···············································································3
2.5.1 檢測表格·············································································3
2.5.2 檢測工具及設備·································································3
2.5.3 檢測安全措施·····································································3第三章 經常巡查·······················································································4
3.1 檢測方法與項目···········································································4
3.2 異常現象之處理···········································································4第四章 定期檢測·······················································································5
4.1 定期檢測準備作業·······································································5
4.2 檢測方法與項目···········································································5
4.3 檢測判定標準···············································································5
4.3.1 鋼結構物劣化程度評估·····················································5
4.3.2 混凝土結構物劣化程度評估·············································5
4.3.3 支承裝置及防落設施劣化程度評估··································5
4.3.4 伸縮縫劣化程度評估·························································5
4.3.5 面層劣化程度評估·····························································6I
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4.3.6 結構物沉陷程度評估·························································6
4.3.7 河道變遷影響橋梁程度評估·············································6
4.3.8 橋梁相關排水設施劣化程度評估······································6
4.3.9 其他附屬設施劣化程度評估·············································6
4.3.10 橋梁安全性及服務性與維修急迫性評估························6
4.4 非破壞檢測作業···········································································6
4.4.1 超音波檢測法·····································································6
4.4.2 液滲檢測法·········································································6
4.4.3 磁粒檢測法·········································································7
4.4.4 渦電流檢測法·····································································7
4.4.5 射線檢測法·········································································7第五章 特別檢測·······················································································8
5.1 適用時機·······················································································8
5.2 地震後特別檢測···········································································8
5.3 土石流災後特別檢測···································································8
5.4 水災後特別檢測···········································································8
5.5 火災後特別檢測···········································································8
5.6 其他重大事故後之特別檢測·······················································8
5.7 河川橋梁下之水下特別檢測·······················································9第六章 鋼結構橋梁結構安全評估·····················································10
6.1 一般說明·····················································································10
6.2 橋梁承載力評估·········································································10
6.2.1 分析計算評估法·······························································10
6.2.2 靜態載重試驗···································································10
6.2.3 動態載重試驗···································································11
6.3 疲勞安全評估·············································································11
6.3.1 適用範圍···········································································11
6.3.2 評估方法···········································································11
6.3.3 應力差值···········································································11
6.4 耐震能力評估·············································································11
6.5 耐洪能力評估·············································································12II
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第七章 維修與補強················································································13
7.1 一般說明·····················································································13
7.2 維修與補強原則·········································································13
7.3 維修與補強工法·········································································13
7.4 疲勞損傷維修與補強·································································13
7.5 鋼橋防蝕系統維修·····································································13
7.5.1 塗裝劣化維修···································································13
7.5.2 熱浸鍍鋅劣化維修···························································14
7.5.3 鋁鋅熔射劣化維修···························································14
7.6 支承維護補修與置換·································································14
7.6.1 支承之維修·······································································14
7.6.2 支承維護與補修工法·······················································14
7.6.3 支承之置換·······································································15
7.7 伸縮縫之維修與置換·································································15規範附表·······································································································16III
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表目錄表2.4.1 檢測分類項目··············································································17表2.4.2 劣化狀況之檢測評等準則··························································17表2.5.1 橋梁資料表··················································································18表3.1.1 經常巡查表··················································································22表4.2.1 定期檢測表··················································································23表4.2.2 檢測狀況評估表··········································································28表4.3.1 鋼結構物劣化程度之評估··························································29表4.3.2 混凝土結構物劣化程度之評估··················································30表4.3.3 支承及防落設施劣化程度之評估··············································31表4.3.4 伸縮縫劣化程度之評估······························································32表4.3.5 面層劣化程度之評估··································································33表4.3.6 結構物沉陷程度之評估······························································34表4.3.7 結構物之沉陷異常值··································································34表4.3.8 河道變遷影響橋梁程度之評估··················································35表4.3.9 排水設施劣化程度之評估··························································35表4.3.10 附屬設施之劣化程度之評估····················································36表4.3.11 劣化現象對橋梁安全性及服務性與維修急迫性之評估·········37IV
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公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範解說第一章 通則····························································································C-1C1.1 適用範圍················································································C-1C1.2 人員資格················································································C-1C1.3 橋梁紀錄················································································C-2第二章 檢測一般規定··········································································C-3C2.1 一般說明················································································C-3C2.2 檢測種類················································································C-3C2.3 檢測頻率················································································C-3C2.4 檢測評估作業········································································C-3C2.4.1 檢測項目······································································C-7C2.4.2 檢測評等······································································C-7C2.5 檢測準備作業········································································C-2C2.5.1 檢測表格······································································C-8C2.5.2 檢測工具及設備··························································C-8C2.5.3 檢測安全措施······························································C-8第三章 經常巡查·················································································C-10C3.1 檢測方法與項目··································································C-10C3.2 異常現象之處理··································································C-11第四章 定期檢測·················································································C-12C4.1 定期檢測準備作業······························································C-12C4.2 檢測方法與項目··································································C-12C4.3 檢測判定標準······································································C-13C4.3.1 鋼結構物劣化程度評估·············································C-14C4.3.2 混凝土結構物劣化程度評估·····································C-17C4.3.3 支承裝置及防落設施劣化程度評估·························C-17C4.3.4 伸縮縫劣化程度評估·················································C-18C4.3.5 面層劣化程度評估····················································C-18C4.3.6 結構物沉陷程度評估·················································C-18C4.3.7 河道變遷影響橋梁程度評估·····································C-19C4.3.8 橋梁相關排水設施劣化程度評估·····························C-19V
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C4.3.9 其他附屬設施劣化程度評估·····································C-20C4.3.10 橋梁安全性及服務性與維修急迫性評估···············C-20C4.4 非破壞檢測作業····································································C-21C4.4.1 超音波檢測法·························································C-22C4.4.2 液滲檢測法·····························································C-22C4.4.3 磁粒檢測法·····························································C-23C4.4.4 渦電流檢測法·························································C-24C4.4.5 射線檢測法·····························································C-25第五章 特別檢測·················································································C-26C5.1 適用時機··············································································C-26C5.2 地震後特別檢測··································································C-26C5.3 土石流災後特別檢測··························································C-27C5.4 水災後特別檢測··································································C-27C5.5 火災後特別檢測··································································C-28C5.6 其他重大事故後之特別檢測···············································C-28第六章 鋼結構橋梁結構安全評估·················································C-29C6.1 一般說明··············································································C-29C6.2 橋梁承載力評估··································································C-29C6.2.1 分析計算評估法························································C-30C6.2.2 靜態載重試驗····························································C-33C6.2.3 動態載重試驗····························································C-34C6.3 疲勞安全評估······································································C-35C6.3.1 適用範圍····································································C-35C6.3.2 評估方法····································································C-35C6.3.3 應力差值····································································C-39C6.4 耐震能力評估······································································C-42C6.5 耐洪能力評估······································································C-42第七章 維修與補強············································································C-43C7.1 一般說明················································································C-43C7.2 維修與補強原則····································································C-43VI
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C7.3 維修與補強工法····································································C-44C7.4 疲勞損傷維修與補強····························································C-48C7.5 鋼橋防蝕系統維修································································C-49C7.5.1 塗裝劣化維修····························································C-49C7.5.2 熱浸鍍鋅劣化維修····················································C-51C7.5.3 鋁鋅熔射劣化維修····················································C-51C7.6 支承維護補修與置換····························································C-51C7.6.1 支承之維修································································C-52C7.6.2 支承維護與補修工法·················································C-52C7.6.3 支承之置換································································C-53C7.7 伸縮縫之維修與置換····························································C-54參考文獻···································································································C-55解說附表···································································································C-57解說附圖···································································································C-77VII
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解說表目錄表C1.1.1 道路橋梁主管與管理機關··················································C-57表C2.4.1 各檢測分類項目對橋梁重要性權重參考表·······················C-57表C2.5.1 攜帶工具及設備檢視表······················································C-58表C4.3.1 鋼橋型式對應之損傷項目··················································C-59表C4.3.2 結構物沉陷測定位置數······················································C-59表C4.4.1 破壞與非破壞檢測技術種類及適用之材料·······················C-60表C4.4.2 非破壞性檢測對鋼材料檢測之適用性·······························C-60表C4.4.3 鋼I 梁橋之上部結構檢測···················································C-61表C4.4.4 鋼箱型梁橋之上部結構檢測··············································C-62表C4.4.5 鋼床鈑梁橋之上部結構檢測··············································C-63表C4.4.6 桁架橋之上部結構檢測······················································C-64表C4.4.7 鋼橋墩之檢測······································································C-65表C6.2.1 靜載重加成係數γD及活載重加成係數γL····························C-66表C6.2.2 衝擊係數I ···········································································C-66表C6.2.3 活載重之折減係數······························································C-66表C6.2.4 鋼橋強度折減係數φ····························································C-67表C6.2.5 靜載重及活載重相關之係數··············································C-67表C6.2.6 鋼橋載重評估之極限狀態及載重係數·······························C-68表C6.2.7 系統係數
表C6.3.1 構造細節常數與極限應力差值(AASHTO 1990)···············C-68表C6.3.2 與應力差值相關之可靠因子 (AASHTO LRFR 2003) ······C-69表C6.3.3 各等級疲勞年限之抵抗係數，RR (AASHTO LRFR 2003)C-70表C6.3.4 LRFD 構造細節常數 (AASHTO 1998)······························C-70表C6.3.5 計算側向分佈係數之係數D (AASHTO 1990) ··················C-70表C7.3.1 維修工法摘要表··································································C-71表C7.3.2 補強工法摘要表··································································C-72表C7.5.1 塗裝劣化原因及其處理對策··············································C-73表C7.5.2 表面處理等級及適用標準（日本道路協會）···················C-74表C7.5.3 各種塗料重漆之適合性······················································C-74表C7.5.4 塗裝系統之綜合評估··························································C-75表C7.5.5 銹蝕之評分標準··································································C-75表C7.5.6 剝落之評分標準··································································C-75表C7.5.7 龜裂之評分標準··································································C-75表C7.5.8 白華化之評分標準······························································C-76表C7.5.9 環境條件之評分標準··························································C-76表C7.6.1 支承損傷種類與其對應之主要原因··································C-76VIII
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解說圖目錄圖C4.3.1 裂縫現象之示意圖······························································C-77圖C4.3.2 變形之現象示意圖······························································C-77圖C4.3.3 螺栓鬆動或脫落現象之示意圖··········································C-78圖C4.3.4 I 型鋼梁主要劣化損傷之示意圖········································C-79圖C4.3.5 箱型鋼梁主要劣化損傷之示意圖······································C-80圖C4.3.6 鋼床版主要劣化損傷之示意圖··········································C-81圖C4.3.7 桁架橋主要劣化損傷之示意圖··········································C-82圖C4.3.8 鋼拱橋主要劣化損傷之示意圖··········································C-83圖C4.3.9 鋼橋墩主要劣化損傷之示意圖··········································C-84圖C6.3.1 評估疲勞之貨車載重示意圖··············································C-84圖C7.5.1 選擇塗裝維修方法之流程圖··············································C-85圖C7.6.1 決定支承維護補修與置換工法之流程圖···························C-86IX
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公路鋼結構橋梁之檢測及補強規範